Everyone at one
point in their life is going to end up in the hospital. Some only a
few times others a lot. It's pretty rare for anyone not to step foot
into a hospital at one point in their lifetime. Along with patients
there are of course those working in hospitals or who have worked in
one. I did in the 1980's as a security guard, though most of my time
was spent as a parking lot attendant. I still remember on the night
and afternoon shift having to go through the emergency room to get to
the main guard post to drop off my cash bag
when the Juravinsky was known as the Henderson General here in
Hamilton. As I passed through the department I heard the beeps bells
and other alert tones of the diagnostic apparatus. If you were not
fully awake you got there real quick. Those noises are loud. I have
also been a patient, those noises are loud.
Imagine
now, the fact that the staff in a hospital have to listen to this for
an entire 8 or 12 hour shift. It's not good, not good at all.
Studies prove that and one professional is trying to do something
about that. He is Michael Schutz, Associate
Professor, School of the Arts at McMaster University in Hamilton.
Professor
Schutz thank you for taking a moment to do a Candid Conversation.
Professor
Schutz: Thank
you.
Cliff
T.: Shout out to my Niece Miranda who is a Neo Natal Nurse at Mac,
she has to hear these beeps during the shift I can imagine how
annoying it must be. Professor Schutz is that what hospital staff in
hospitals across the board tell you?
Professor
Schutz:
According to pretty much any medical staff I’ve spoke with, the
noises are uniformly awful. One retired nurse even referred to her
hospital as “beeping hellscape” which I think unfortunately sums
it up nicely!
Cliff
T.: I mentioned in my introduction that this has become and issue and
studies show that those beeps heard in the hospital are not just
annoying but, they are bad for health, would you elaborate on that,
what effect do these beeps and tones have on people?
Professor
Schutz: The
most obvious health harm is that the existing alarms are so bad they
are killing us. Literally. An FDA survey found problems with alarms
implicated in the deaths of 566 patients. But even beyond their
worst outcomes, there are major health implications for their
annoyance. Disrupted sleep extends hospital stays, which means fewer
beds for folks needing medical care, and increased costs for an
already over-taxed medical system.
Cliff
T.: So obviously Professor Schutz this needs to be fixed. But, the
offending tones are on equipment already in place. Would this mean
some sort of modification or would the equipment have to be swapped
out?
Professor
Schutz: That’s
a really important question. My focus is primarily on designing new
sounds that would work better, so I can’t really comment on the
exact procedure in place for updating existing equipment. But I can
tell you that new sounds are fairly easy to make, and can be designed
in a way to be “backwards compatible” – meaning that if doctors
and nurses know existing alarms, they’d recognize the new ones
immediately. I also know that hospital medical equipment is
continually updated. So whether these new sounds are simply part of
the next round of medical equipment update, or whether we install
them into existing systems, getting them changed isn’t the hard
part. The difficultly is just getting people to realize that could
be
so much better.
So often I heard people remark “I’ve always hated those beeps,
but never knew they could be different.” Trust me – they can be
VERY different!!
Cliff
T.: I heard your interview on Quirks and Quarks and I also heard the
examples of tones you provided the one we now have and the one that
would be better. I have to say Professor, that second more softer
tone did catch my attention. Is that the case with most people who
hear the comparison tones? And is there a difference in reaction
from patients vs staff?
Professor
Schutz: We
find that the more musical sounds are just as good at getting
attention when needed (and in some cases even better). They’re
just a heck of a lot less annoying. Since we’re still tinkering
with designs we’re mostly testing university students and online
experiments. I would love to assess medical professionals in the
future. We’re just holding off on that at the moment in part as
our health care workers are so overworked, so I don’t want to both
them with testing until we’ve worked out the basic science of the
sounds. But as far as I can tell they would lead to similar results.
Cliff
T.: I am a bit curious, what prompted studies into the sounds medical
machines make?
Professor
Schutz: It’s
a long story! I’m a performing musician, and also a music
cognition researcher. I got very interested in the psychology of
music after discovering a surprising musical illusion
(www.maplelab.net/illusion).
Musical implications aside, it shows that our brain processes
musical sounds in ways that are different than the kinds of sounds
often used for research. What I call the “tone beep.” I find
those tone beeps awfully annoying, and was disappointed to find the
terrible beeps common in scientific studies of hearing.
So
my team started synthesizing more complex sounds for our experiments
on basic listening questions. And then one day a medical doctor got
wind of this work, and introduced me to the problem of terrible beeps
in the ICU. It was then I realized that some of the basic research
questions my team specializes in have this really important
application for public health. And I thought that was neat. We can
actually use music perception to save lives. How cool is that?!
Cliff
T.: What is the most common reaction you are getting when you speak
on this topic with people who have never heard about this issue
before?
Professor
Schutz: I
find people uniformly hate current alarm sounds. Most are shocked
they could be changed, and often very excited. I’ve heard so many
heart breaking stories about time people spent in hospitals being
annoyed by them. Some people then get angry that they were subjected
to such terrible sounds when they didn’t have to be this bad!
Cliff
T.: I would assume that we are still in the early days with regard to
deploying changes to medical devices audio outputs. What kind of
progress have you seen on this front?
Professor
Schutz: So
far the reception has been wonderful! I’ve had the opportunity to
connect with researchers all over the world interested in improving
medical alarms. I’m usually the biggest “sound geek” in the
room for these conversations, so they’re quite keen to hear about
new ideas. Getting the opportunity to do things like the TEDx talk
and the Quirks and Quarks segment have been really rewarding and
helpful. I can reach more people with a 10 minute radio segment than
a 10 page academic article! Recently someone from the IEC
(International Electrotechnic Commission) reached out after hearing
the Quirks and Quarks interview you heard, and I’m excited to
possibly contribute some new ideas to future designs.
Cliff
T.: I have to ask Professor Schutz. I know that this is serious
stuff, but is there some sort of fun aspect to this. What is the
cool factor in changing a medical machines tone or beep?
Professor
Schutz: As
a life-long audio geek, part of me is just tickled that I’ve found
an “excuse” for playing around with sound. As a musician, I spend
a lot of time thinking about sound, crafting musical sounds, and
event exploring sounds in the world. As a researcher I focus on
doing experiments with sound. And as it turns out, this all has an
actual public health benefit. As my mother said after watching the
TEDx talk, “wow, now I can tell my friends you are
the
kind of doctor who helps people”. Thanks mom 😀
Cliff
T.: Professor Schutz thank you very much for taking time to reach out
and do a Candid Conversation. It just goes to show that science can
be very interesting, important and in a lot of ways fun.
Professor
Schutz: My
pleasure – always happy to help spread good ideas about better
sound!
Professor
Schutz is an Associate
Professor, School of the Arts at McMaster University in Hamilton
Ontario Canada. To get an idea of what Professor Schutz does and is
doing visit his McMaster Experts page by clicking this LINK
Editors Note: Just to be clear on one thing re: hospital sounds. Professor Schutz stated, I'm not claiming the beeps are doing more harm than good. I would not recommend just silencing them all for example! My point is just that they could be a whole heck of a lot better. They serve a very useful and important role, which is why it's so acoustically tragic that they are built on
really terrible "beeps"